1.4 AI vs Machine Learning vs Deep Learning

These three terms are nested, like circles inside circles. AI is the broadest idea: any machine that behaves intelligently. Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of AI where systems learn from data. Deep Learning (DL) is a subset of ML that uses multi-layered neural networks. So every deep learning system is ML and AI, but not every AI system uses learning.

Imagine a transport app for Addis Ababa. A simple rule ('add 20% fare in the rain') is plain AI logic. Predicting demand from past trip data is machine learning. Reading photos of road signs to guide self-driving is deep learning.